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MATLAB normally deals with matrices of floating point numbers. An image is typically represented by an array of small integer values, pixel value or greyscale values, which have a limited dynamic range and special rules for arithmetic.

Let’s look at some simple monadic functions such as type conversion, brightness and contrast adjustment, inversion and posterisation and the effect they have on an image.

We start by considering the effect of gravity acting on a robot arm, and how the torque exerted will disturb the position of the robot controller leading to a steady state error. Then we discuss a number of strategies to reduce this error.

We recap the important points from this masterclass.