Search Results for: cathode ray tube

Incandescent light sources emit a lot of infrared radiation which we cannot see but can sense as heat. Non-incandescent sources such as fluorescent lights, cathode ray tubes and LEDs have quite different spectrums. When light travels through an absorbing medium, such as the atmosphere or water, different wavelengths are absorbed differently and this alters its […]

Light field cameras are now commercially available and capture much more information about the rays of light reflected from the scene. This enables us to perform functions like changing the focus of an image after it has been captured.

Let’s look at how light rays reflected from an object can form an image. We use the simple geometry of a pinhole camera to describe how points in a three-dimensional scene are projected on to a two-dimensional image plane.

We can describe the relationship between a 3D world point and a 2D image plane point, both expressed in homogeneous coordinates, using a linear transformation – a 3×4 matrix. Then we can extend this to account for an image plane which is a regular grid of discrete pixels.

Let’s recap the important points from the topics we have covered about image formation and perspective projection.

We learn how to describe the orientation of an object by a 3×3 rotation matrix which has some special properties.

How is an image formed? The real world has three dimensions but an image has only two. We can use linear algebra and homogeneous coordinates to understand what’s going on. This more general approach allows us to model the positions of pixels in the sensor array and to derive relationships between points on the image […]

Most objects reflect the light that falls on them and there are two aspects to this reflection. The first is geometric and concerned with the directions of the light rays: it can be specular reflection from a mirror like surface, or scattered Lambertian reflection from a matte surface. The second is the reflectance function which […]

MATLAB normally deals with matrices of floating point numbers. An image is typically represented by an array of small integer values, pixel value or greyscale values, which have a limited dynamic range and special rules for arithmetic.

We introduce serial-link robot manipulators, the sort of robot arms you might have seen working in factories doing tasks like welding, spray painting or material transfer. We will learn how we can compute the pose of the robot’s end-effector given knowledge of the robot’s joint angles and the dimensions of its links.